Business law - Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business law - Case - Essay Example But he has neglected the aesthetic aspects of the treatment and thought that causing a burn to the patient is negligible as part of saving the life of the patient. In that sense the doctor was culprit of neglecting certain critical things in his profession. If the surgery was unavoidable at that juncture, probably the doctor’s actions could have been justified. On the other hand, there are no such worries in declaring the ECR instrument manufacturer as the major culprit in this case. This manufacturer has sold defective products in the market which caused damages to the users. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to test the quality of the product fully before introducing it in to the market. He should ensure that his product may not cause any damages to the users. No product manufacturer has the right to sell defective products in the market. The specifications and usage instructions of the product should be given to the users by the manufacturer and the manufacturer is responsible for any malfunctioning of the product provided the users use it exactly as per the instructions given by the manufacturer through the product manual. So the manufacturer of the ECR instrument is 100% responsible for this crime and need to be compensated Karl for that. Apart from the doctor and the ECR manufacturer, the hospital management is also responsible for Karl’s agony. The management purchased cheap quality products and took the risk of using it in the treatment of patients. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure the quality of the products they purchased before testing it on others. So, in my opinion, Karl can consider suing against the hospital management also. Anaesthesiologist and the nurses have nothing to do with this case. The duty of the anaesthesiologist is confined to the anaesthesia alone. He has nothing to do with the usage of

Design and Implementation of a Single Phase Inverter Circuit Essay Example for Free

Design and Implementation of a Single Phase Inverter Circuit Essay Inverters are used to produce constant or variable frequency AC output from a DC source. These inverters can be used for AC applicatio n like driving an induction motor. Such type of inverters in present world are used largely in renewable energy systems to convert DC to AC, example is a PV system where there is a requirement of such type of inverters which can power AC systems such as an induction motor (IM). It is required to produce a pure sinusoidal waveform for the proper functioning of the IM drive. This can be done by incorporating pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques. Technique used in generating a Pulse width modulation is that of the comparison of reference signal which is a sinusoidal waveform as required at the output and a triangular or carrier signal of high frequency. The next section (Section 2) will give a brief detail about the power switches used in the inverters. Section 3 gives the study in detai l of single phase half wave and full wave bridge. In section 4 a detailed discussion about PWM technique is done. This section  also gives the circuit diagram required to generate the PWM using microcontroller. Section 5 shows the development of the swit ching control in details starting from the opto-coupler to the derive circuit. The bootstrap circuit is detailed in section . This is followed by a complete block diagram of the single phase inverter along with its control circuit in section 7. A detailed study on a practical blanking time circuit is done in section 8, followed by the circuit for the opto -coupler and the driver required in the presence of blanking time circuit, this can be seen in section 9. Crasta Francis Austin Movin Page 5 Design and Implementation of a Single Phase Inverter Circuit The next section 10 gives a full circuit diagram implemented in this project to construct a single phase inverter, followed by the actual image of the inverter in section 11. Wiley Sons, 2003 [5] Ned Mohan, â€Å"Power Elect ronics, A First Course†, John Wiley Sons, Inc. [6] EHSANI, M. RAMANI, K. R. 1994. Recent Advances in Power Electronics and Applications . IEEE, p.9 [7] Application Note 9017: Manufacturing Technology of a Small Capacity Inverter Using a Fairchild IGBT . Fairchild Semiconductor. June 2001. p.4 [8] Chong B.: â€Å" Digital Implementation of PWM Generation Circuit and Control for a PV-Converter System†, Laboratory Notes for ELEM 5451 Mini Project Laboratory, University of Leeds, UK, 2012. Crasta Francis Austin Movin Page 56 Design and Implementation of a Single Phase Inverter Circuit [9] Zhang L.: â€Å"Section 2: Power Converters for PV Systems†, Course Notes for ELEC5564M Power Generation by Renewable Sources, University of Leeds, UK, 2011. [10] Datasheet Power MOSFET: â€Å" Design and Application guide for power MOSFET†, Vishay Siliconix, 12 March 2012. [11] J. Holtz, â€Å"Pulsewidth Modulation -A Survey,† IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 39, No. 5, Dec. 1992, pp. 410 -420. [12] Datasheet for TD351 Gate driver: â€Å" Design and Application guide for Advanced IGBT/MOSFET Driver†, STMicroelectronics, 2004.

Artificial Intelligence: Where does it fit? Essay -- Technology Artifi

Artificial Intelligence: Where does it fit? Machines in the future will not be able to differentiate between man and machine, and neither will humans; except that machines will be active: working, learning, developing new technology. Humans on the other hand, have no choice but to watch from our glass boxes because machines have become so advanced and we would only interfere. Maybe the future won’t look exactly like that, but truthfully, computers will reach human intelligence someday. They have already surpassed our calculation abilities and our speed of processing information. But we can still hold on to our intelligence for now. Artificial intelligence, the science and engineering of making intelligent machines through intelligent programs, is not just about modeling human behavior. It’s more about making life easier and better by developing new tools with advanced capabilities. Artificial intelligence, like technology, advances rapidly as time moves on. It needs to be worked on before considered satisfactory, let alone perfect. Computers have many similarities to humans like neural impulses to digital technology or being programmed to function in a certain manner. A computer is given commands and specific outputs for corresponding commands. Humans are taught to act or not act in specific ways. We have automatic responses such as fear, hunger, and happiness. We’ve been programmed to react differently to various stimulants. Great progress has been made by developers of artificial intelligence, but there remain large gaps between humans and machines. Physically, humans have bodies with senses. Machines could have bodies— like robots—but they are still unable to sense the physical world and react to it. H... ... If computers overtake the workplace, professionals sacrifice their dignity: there will no longer be an emphasis on skill level because the computer makes the decisions. Mistakes would be inexcusable, although humans are not flawless. Humans would not be credited for achievements because computers will have done all the computation, planning and presentation. The value of a human life will decrease as the computer climbs the corporate ladder. If humans continue to do what we do best, look out for ourselves. We’ll realize that artificial intelligence should be made to supplement humans, not to replace them. We should not rely on computers as much as we rely on our instincts and judgments. If we allow machines without bodies and without minds to take over our world, what would our purpose be? Would we have existed just to bring artificial intelligence about?

Decision-Making Models Essay -- Decision-Making Model Analysis

Decision-Making Models General assumptions create the foundation of a person's reasoning. Imperfections with a supposition can create the opportunity for a skewed perspective in a person's reasoning process (Paul & Elder, 2002). The process of choosing one course of action over another is commonly known as decision making. Consciously or unconsciously, people make decisions on a daily basis founded on one or more of the various decision-making models (Sullivan, n.d.). This paper examines how I apply various decision-making models in the workplace to generate accurate workload estimations in my career. The Qualitative Choice Theory also known as analogous reasoning uses past experience to help an individual make decisions. A resolution is derived by looking at what has occurred historically and basing the decision on the expected outcome (Arsham, 1994). The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) methodology is a decision-making model that uses a mathematical formula established on realistic, pessimistic, and optimistic estimates to provide an accurate estimate of the most likely amount of time to complete a project (â€Å"Critical path analysis & pert charts,† n.d.). Building on the analogous methodology, the parametric decision-making model looks at one small piece of a project, estimates the amount of time required to complete the particular section of the project, and multiplies the smaller piece times the number of total pieces (International Society of Parametric Analysts, 1999). The Monte Carlo simulation is a technique that makes use of computer models to aid in making decisions in intricate circumstances (Grambow, n.d.). My duties at work often require that I provide estimations for the level of effort required for projects I am working on and I employ all three of the aforementioned decision-making methodologies. More often than not, I rely on the analogous model drawing on my experience as a subject matter expert to create time estimates for small projects. Drawing on more than 5 years of programming experience, I am able create realistic estimates of the level of effort required to complete a small project. I use this methodology when asked to estimate simple text changes to the user interface for Web pages I maintain. For example, a client has just requested a change to the welcome page of his Web site and has committed to provide text... ...Retrieved June 20, 2005, from The University of Baltimore Web site: http://home.ubalt.edu/ ntsbarsh/opre640/partXIII.htm Bassham, G., Irwin, W., Nardone, H., & Wallace, J.M. (2002). Critical thinking [Electronic Version]. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Critical path analysis & pert charts. (n.d.). Retrieved June 21, 2005, from http://www.work911.com/cgi-bin/links/jump.cgi?ID=4532 International Society of Parametric Analysts. (1999). Parametric estimating initiative (pei) parametric estimating handbook: Company developed models (chap. 4). Retrieved June 20, 2005, from http://www.ispa-cost.org/PEIWeb/ch4.htm Grambo, M. (n.d.). Monte carlo analysis. Retrieved June 22, 2005, from The University of Scranton Web site: http://academic.uofs.edu/ faculty/gramborw/tumonte.htm Paul, R. & Elder, L. (2002). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life [Electronic Version]. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Sullivan, M. (n.d.). Problem solving, decision making and critical thinking. Retrieved June 20, 2005, from Villanova University Web site: http://www52.homepage.villanova.edu/maureen.sullivan/ coursematerial/L&M_Notes/ProblemSolving.htm

History of Broadway Essay

There have been many debates on whether or not Broadway musicals are considered â€Å"serious† art forms. People feel that a musical can never be taken seriously if the character is always singing sporadically, which is very unusual in real life. However, musicals have been around for quite some time now, many musicals are being adapted into major motion pictures, many children are raised on the famous Disney musical cartoons and everybody( whether they’ll admit it or not) has seen at least one musical in their lifetime and are able to sing some of the songs from it. It seems that musicals have made an impact on society but yet are still not taken seriously. The history of musicals dates back to the Greeks. It is a common known fact that the Greeks incorporated song and dance into their stage comedies and tragedies as early as the 5th Century B. C. Some used existing songs but it is known that Sophocles wrote his own. The Romans are also known for taking the Greek musicals and expanding on them. The Romans liked the idea of musicals so much that they attached metal chips to their shoes, creating the first tap shoes, so that there would be more focus on the dancing throughout the play. Of course musicals and the idea of telling stories through song and dance really became popular through the Renaissance era. During the 1700’s the two main types of plays were ballad operas and comic operas. Many people think that musicals evolved from operas however if you follow the history of musicals and operas you will learn that it is the other way around yet operas are much more respected than musicals. Musicals came to America during the mid-1800’s as saloon shows. They were also known as variety shows and consisted of everything from clowns, singers, dancers and chorus girls. In Low Life: Lures and Snares of Old New York (Farrar, Strauss, Giroux, New York, 1991, p. 92), historian Luc Sante, claims that variety shows were born in Manhattan’s Bowery saloons during the 1840s. One of the first and most famous variety houses was Koster and Bial’s on West 23rd Street in New York City. The variety shows were very distasteful and were later cleaned up and renamed vaudeville then in the 1900’s the shows were cleaned up even more and were then known as minstrelsy. While the minstrelsy shows were much cleaner than the original variety show they would still be considered extremely raunchy by today’s standards. Musicals later came to take the form of the misunderstood form of Burlesque performances. Burlesque shows became popular and kept America entertained from 1840 through the 1960’s. Many people identify burlesque with strippers or scantily dressed women. The burlesque shows however covered many topics of interest from Shakespeare to spoofs of the famous operas of the moment. In 1860 Burlesque made its appearance on Broadway with Lydia Thompson’s British burlesque troupe and their first hit entitled Ixion. It became clear that respectable people would pay lots of money for a sexy performance. The theatre group would use popular songs of that time and parts of operas to perform too which made some of the audience try to say made the Burlesque show more classy and easier to relate too. Soon the offended audience members began to raise their voices in protest of the performances saying that they were extremely inappropriate and tasteless. This of course only made people more curious about the performances and the crowds began to grow for the show. With the success of the shows people began to copy them and bring them back to their own communities. The majority of the managers and choreographers were women and finally women were beginning to gain respect in the theatre business. Men quickly began to see the success and start their own shows. The point of the shows were to hint at the idea of the women being naked and to show as much skin as was considered acceptable. The Burlesque shows, while being popular, were considered to be the lowest form of theatre, many of the actors would move on to vaudeville shows which were considered to be the top of the line where if a vaudeville actor would appear in a Burlesque show it was considered a step down and the actor was labeled as â€Å"washed up†. Burlesque soon took on comedy routines and would make fun of the current issues that the middle and lower class were dealing with. However in the 1920’s there began a raid and the police felt the need to shut down all of the Burlesque shows which was a major hit to the Manhattan society where most of the theatres were at the time. While the Burlesque scene was popular musical comedies were beginning to rise without the help of the nudity factor. The musical comedy was born on Broadway between the years 1878-1884 by the famous producers Edward (Ned) Harrigan and Tony Hart. Harrigan would write the lyrics and songs with some of the music he had taken from his father and add them to plays that would feature characters and situations that the everyday lives of New York’s lower class. They had one particularly famous bit entitled â€Å"Mulligan Guard’s March† which started in San Francisco and was quickly spread all across the country and reached New York where it ran for over a year in the most popular theatres. With the success of their short bit they expanded into a 40 minute performance which was greatly accepted and kept playing for a month which was considered a good run for that time. Their show became so popular that it started a seven year run of different shows with Harrigan directing, producing, performing and writing the scripts and lyrics. Their shows ran with much success on Manhattans downtown streets and overpopulated theatres. People quickly saw the success and began to try to create their own versions of this new style known as musical comedies. Some had success but were quickly forgotten or overlooked with Harrigan and Hart’s success. The more light-hearted and â€Å"cheesy† musicals began to pop up all over the Broadway scene in 1940. The Broadway producers felt that with America at war and people still suffering from the Depression audiences just wanted to be entertained and no longer wanted to see their troubles and everyday situations acted out on stage because they were no longer comical. There were still a few comedies left however, one of the most popular being This is the Army a comedy which spoofed the army life. This particular play had a huge success in America and also had successful run in London. This is the Army became so popular that they even made a motion picture out of the play which earned over $9 million and donated to the Army’s Emergency Relief fund. The 1940’s were filled with famous musicals all with the hopes of just being pure entertainment and losing the idea that only the most artistic performances would be well received. Two of the most famous musical writers in the history of the business made their debut during this time, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II. Rodgers and Hammerstein were friends in college and both agreed that the best way to approach a musical was with the lyrics first, which was rare for the time. When the two were ready to debut their loved musical Oklahoma the Theatre Guild was bankrupt so the two took the major decisions in their own hands. They took some major risks one being to not open with a big catchy theatrical number and the other being to cast smaller unknown actors instead of the guaranteed success of the more popular actors of the time. The play was something that had never been seen before; it was a well rounded well written musical. On opening night in New York the show however was not sold out, since there were no major known stars, however the show quickly became a huge success. The success of Oklahoma changed the quality of musicals forever. It was soon realized that musicals could contain more than just â€Å"cheesy† dance numbers; musicals could contain drama, comedy and all around quality acting. Future musicals had higher standards and required better and more talented actors. The actors had to be skilled dancers, singers and actors. There was a lot of talent discovered all over the theatre community during the 40’s while everybody tried to compete with and follow the success of Oklahoma, however most of the talent was quickly forgotten. The 1950’s were soon open the musical community and show tunes were considered the main source of entertainment. Even the smaller musicals that did not have the most talented actors could be very profitable because the audience hoped to discover another winning team like Rodgers and Hammerstein. The fantastic duo were still ruling the musical world of Broadway, at one point they had 4 successful musicals running at the same time. In 1959 one of the most famous musicals of all time was created and praised, The Sound of Music. Everybody loved the music and the story and it was an immediate success, however it is also remembered as their last great success together as Hammerstein died just a few months after it opened which brought the end of their ruling. The 60’s and 70’s also had some great success in the musical worlds with the idea of bring rock music to the stage. In the 60’s show tunes could not be found in musicals and were replaced by edgier rock songs. The 60’s are of course known as the years of sex, drugs and rock ‘n roll and those ideas were put into story lines and portrayed on the stage. The 70’s had two major hits with Grease and The Wiz. However, the 70’s ended on a bad not for musicals because many people were tired of the shoddy performances being produced and their change in taste of music. There were some other great musicals that were produced in the 70’s but unfortunately they went overlooked. At the end of the decade revivals were beginning to pop up with famous actors playing the major roles in the musicals to boost up ticket sales. In 1980 the success of Broadway was revived with the huge success of Cats. The success and word of Cats spread all across the world and totally revived the spirit of the musical theatre. Many American composers debuted works after the success of Cats but sadly many failed. One of the biggest failures, Carrie, made its debut in 1988 which many considered the death of the Broadway rage of musicals. The main source of entertainment was now and movies and nobody paid much attention to Broadway anymore. Broadway however had one major hit left in The Phantom of the Opera. Andrew Lloyd Webber gave Broadway one last major success which is still running today. The Phantom brought in a new crowd and sold tickets at outrageous prices that the audience did not mind paying for at all, they also spent ton of money on the souvenirs. The 90’s saw a pretty bad drought in musical success except for the mid-90’s when it seemed like musicals were back with the success of Rent, Chicago, Cabaret and Bring in Da’ Noise, Bring in Da’ Funk. The success carried into 2000 and is still working it’s was on a comeback with a hot streak. With the huge success of Chicago being adapted into a major motion picture with huge stars like Rene Zellweger, Richard Gere, Taye Diggs and Catherine Zeta-Jones a new interest and spark was ignited in musicals. The theatre has also seen success recently with The Lion King, Hairspray, Aida, The Producers and Mamma Mia!. Musicals have overseen many changes and has a great history of success and failures just like any other type of theatre. As stated in the beginning many children are raised on musicals and grow up surrounded by music yet musicals are not seen as serious pieces of art. While the most popular musicals are the entertaining ones that don’t deal with any major issues that doesn’t mean that they can’t be serious as well. There are many types of musicals but why does that make them less important? Should comedic plays be seen as less artistic than dramatic pieces? Musicals have just as an important background and history as plays so I feel they should be viewed just as valuable to our society as any other piece of theatrical art. While it may be unnatural for a person to just burst out into song throughout their everyday life I don’t think it’s that far of a stretch if it did happen. How many times are we reminded of a song we hear earlier that day and sing it in our head? The only real difference between musicals and everyday life is that when we do sing our songs throughout our lives they aren’t always originals, everybody around you doesn’t join in and automatically know every word and we don’t have perfectly choreographed dance numbers to go along with them, however if we did have all that I think it would make life a lot more exciting and interesting. I am personally jealous of musicals for those reasons and wish they were given more respect.

Biodiversity

Biodiversity Biodiversity Recently, the environment has been facing a lot of challenges resulting from the increased human activities such as farming and construction of the infrastructures. These activities have led to the imbalanced ecosystem. The environmentalists have continued to agitate for the need for humans to understand that the ecosystem is in a very dynamic setting, which is composed of different types and classes of living things. These living things are either directly or indirectly responsible for the survival of each other, and it is, therefore, important that they all exist. This write up addresses the various roles of people in ensuring the preservation of the areas threatened by the human encroachment. The balancing of different environmental concerns and the need for the U.S global participation in environmental conservation is also discussed. According to Narasaiah (2008), human encroachment is the inversion of part of the environment so that beneficial activities like farming and mining can be carried out. It has since threatened certain regions of the earth, thus, leading to the need for people to take up active roles in educating the rest of the human population on the importance of preserving the life of other living things. The innovation of environmental-friendly technology should also be encouraged, so that activities like mining and farming are done in a manner not likely to interfere with the ecosystem. In addition, the governments and private organizations should come up with protection programs, which can help preserve the regions threatened by human encroachment. These may include the formulation of preservation strategies such as; the creation of botanical gardens, seed banks, and zoos. Moreover, the governments should declare some human activities like cutting down of trees illegal if done without legal permission. The government should also carry out identification and protection of the biological hotspots. That is, the species rich regions to be protected so as to assist in maintaining the ecosystem at a balance. Finally, people should be advised to change their pattern of consumption and development activities so as to reduce the levels of environmental destruction (Kearns, 2010). The issue of drilling of oil in the Arctic has generated a controversial debate with a section of scholars supporting it while others have emphasized on its illegality. However, other scholars have come up with a compromising position noting the need for the consideration of both the long-term economic arguments and the habitat protection arguments. They have thus called for the need of environmental friendly methods of drilling as a compromised choice (Kearns, 2010). Narasaiah (2008) notes that many environmental conservation groups have come up to help in saving the rain forests. Some of these groups are in the United States of America though they operate internationally. Even, though, many people have questioned why the U.S is interested in the environmental conservation, in the other countries, it is important to note that every part of the worlds ecosystem contributes to the balancing of the whole earths ecosystem. In conclusion, it is important to note that a balanced ecosystem benefits the whole life forms on earth and so should be a responsibility of everyone.

What Do Tutors Actually Do During SAT

What Do Tutors Actually Do During SAT/ACT Tutoring SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve heard of this strange, mysterious thing called â€Å"SAT/ACT Tutoring.† Okay, maybe it's not all that mysterious to you, but it was a cipher to me when I was in high school. Was SAT tutoring like homework, but with supervision? Why should I waste my precious free time with a tutor when I could just do everything myself? What actually happens during SAT/ACT tutoring? In this article, I'm going to talk about what we at PrepScholar believe the best tutors do during the course of SAT/ACT tutoring. These are the best practices that we employ to get our industry-leading results. This is in no way a guarantee that every tutor will follow every one of these guidelines, of course, but it gives you an idea of what to look for. We will answer all the questions I had as a confused high schooler†¦and more! As a bonus feature, I’ve included things that good tutors should absolutely NOT do during ACT/SAT tutoring sessions, so that if you encounter them, you can run in the other direction.

Free Essays on David Koresh

â€Å"If the Bible is true, then I’m Christ.† Welcome to the thoughts of one named Vernon Howell. America knows him better as David Koresh. Anyone even half way familiar with current events knows the David Koresh that the media portrayed before the compound went up in flames on April 19, 1993, but what was David Koresh like up to the events leading to this event? After reading this paper one should have a better understanding of David Koresh as a person and his religious ideas. David Koresh was born to a single mother in Houston, Texas in 1959. Growing up he was an indifferent student, yet very interested in the Bible and it’s teachings. He spent hours on end as a teenager memorizing Bible passages word for word. His next love to the Bible was playing the guitar. Later on in life he would use these two acquired talents to recruit his followers. Koresh’s religious experiences picked up its pace after he dropped out of high school in the ninth grade. He was raised in the Seventh-day Adventist Church, yet he felt more at home as a radical thinking teenager in the teachings of a spin off known as the Branch Davidians. One should be aware that Koresh did not create the Branch Davidian cult. Their roots trace back to Victor Houteff, a Bulgarian immigrant who was expelled from an L.A. church in 1929. Houteff’s main interest was passages found in the Book of Ezekiel. These passages dealt with an angel of God separating the faithful f rom the sinful right before Jerusalem’s fall to the Babylonians. Houteff created a spin-off congregation in 1935 on the outskirts of Waco. From this action begins the cycle of cult leaders in Waco. After 20 years of leading his cult Florence, the wife of the now deceased Houteff, took over the branch. She controlled it for about five years until it broke up after failing to accurately predict the beginning of the end of the world. This occurred on April 22, 1959. Almost all of the me... Free Essays on David Koresh Free Essays on David Koresh â€Å"If the Bible is true, then I’m Christ.† Welcome to the thoughts of one named Vernon Howell. America knows him better as David Koresh. Anyone even half way familiar with current events knows the David Koresh that the media portrayed before the compound went up in flames on April 19, 1993, but what was David Koresh like up to the events leading to this event? After reading this paper one should have a better understanding of David Koresh as a person and his religious ideas. David Koresh was born to a single mother in Houston, Texas in 1959. Growing up he was an indifferent student, yet very interested in the Bible and it’s teachings. He spent hours on end as a teenager memorizing Bible passages word for word. His next love to the Bible was playing the guitar. Later on in life he would use these two acquired talents to recruit his followers. Koresh’s religious experiences picked up its pace after he dropped out of high school in the ninth grade. He was raised in the Seventh-day Adventist Church, yet he felt more at home as a radical thinking teenager in the teachings of a spin off known as the Branch Davidians. One should be aware that Koresh did not create the Branch Davidian cult. Their roots trace back to Victor Houteff, a Bulgarian immigrant who was expelled from an L.A. church in 1929. Houteff’s main interest was passages found in the Book of Ezekiel. These passages dealt with an angel of God separating the faithful f rom the sinful right before Jerusalem’s fall to the Babylonians. Houteff created a spin-off congregation in 1935 on the outskirts of Waco. From this action begins the cycle of cult leaders in Waco. After 20 years of leading his cult Florence, the wife of the now deceased Houteff, took over the branch. She controlled it for about five years until it broke up after failing to accurately predict the beginning of the end of the world. This occurred on April 22, 1959. Almost all of the me...

Transforming Pedagogy to Transform Learning Research Paper - 1

Transforming Pedagogy to Transform Learning - Research Paper Example With this concern, the research paper intends to discuss on the instructional strategies which are acquired to impart knowledge effectively to a diverse culture of learners. In this regard, the concepts of ‘Standards of learning’ (SOLs) and ‘Common Core Standards’ (CCS) will be taken into concern. Moreover, research-based multicultural instructional strategies will be emphasized in this research paper. Additionally, CDLF questionnaire will be formulated with the intention of determining the effectiveness of multicultural instruction or cultural awareness of the instructors. Besides, an annotated bibliography will also be performed in this particular research paper within the circumstance of multicultural instructional practices. It has been apparently observed that different higher education institutions adopt along with execute certain effective policies, frameworks and principles on the basis of which the teaching and learning process is executed. Moreover , the higher education institutions formulate effectual curriculum and practices based on the requirements of the students or learners in this 21st century. The teachers are perceived to be adopting various techniques of classroom management as well as instructional strategies with the objective of improving the cultural beliefs and values of students within the context of a diverse cultural classroom. The students develop their capabilities to select and use suitable strategies so that they can achieve their requirements.  

Future of vessel traffic services (VTS) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Future of vessel traffic services (VTS) - Essay Example Non-surveilled systems consist of one or more reporting points at which ships are required to report their identity, course, speed, and other data to the monitoring authority. They encompass a wide range of techniques and capabilities aimed at preventing vessel collisions, ramming, and groundings in the harbor, harbor approach and inland waterway phase of navigation. They are also designed to expedite ship movements, increase transportation system efficiency, and improve all-weather operating capability. The Automatic Identification and Data Management System AIMS 7100 - the product of a joint venture between Daimler-Benz Aerospace and Marine Data Systems - is the latest development of a highly sophisticated vessel traffic information system (VTS). Litton Marine Systems has introduced a new IMO-compliant vessel traffic system (VTS) for locks, bridges, ports and coastal waters. VTS-Master-W is a new system utilizing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and proprietary software running under Windows-98/NT. The Vessel Traffic Management will be able to get real-time remote display of raw video data from shore-based surveillance radars superimposed on geographical maps of the area. The Coast Guard Vessel Traffic System (VTS) is active in four major U. S. ports: New York, Puget Sound (Seattle), San Francisco and Houston/Galveston. They upgrade their software installed for VTS twice a year. Recent developments included a new Vessel Maintenance Form and improvements to radar tracking. A multiyear radar recapitalization project is in progress, replacing old, unsupportable radars with the new AN/SPS-73. Norcontrol IT has announced the introduction of C-Scope, a groundbreaking 3D VTS and AIS operator display, designed to increase flexibility of vessel and consignment tracking on sea and land areas. The sophisticated display is able to visualise data from any tracking system and provides unique flexibility in that a VTMIS operator may view the service area from literally anywhere, including onboard a vessel. The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) is the first organisation to use the display and has already taken delivery as part of the UK AIS network program. same radar used for replacement on the cutters. Future Plans VTS already has most of the technology available for its implementation. some advances may change the way future systems are designed and operated. Technologies like range from advances in electronic charting to precise positioning techniques and automatic ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore identification are expected. A number of advances, in combination, may make the automatic plotting of vessel locations, identification, and movements' possible using a laptop device on board and being equipped with proper transponders. These automated systems could replace the costly radar surveillance of large port regions. The global positioning system (GPS) and differential GPS (DGPS) is already available in ports and waterways today. The DGPS system combined with an electronic chart is the

The effects of different political parties on the US economy Essay

The effects of different political parties on the US economy - Essay Example Despite this, Reagan added his own brand of Big Government with the swelling of the National Debt under his watch which crippled the economy. Liberal and conservative economic ideologies cannot necessarily be connected with Democratic and Republican Parties respectively as this paper will illuminate. The Great Depression was the worst economic slump ever in U.S. history, and one which spread to virtually the entire industrialized world. Many factors played a role in bringing about the depression; however, the main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920’s, and the extensive stock market speculation that took place during the latter part of that same decade. The misdistribution of wealth in the 1920s existed on many levels. Money was distributed disparately between the rich and the middle-class, between industry and agriculture within the United States, and between the U.S. and Europe. This imbalance of wealth created an unstable economy. The excessive speculation in the late 1920s kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes. These market crashes, combined with the misdistribution of wealth, caused the American economy to capsize. The ‘roaring twentie s’ was an era when our country prospered tremendously. The nation’s total realized income rose from $74.3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929 (Hicks, 1960 p. 110). However, the rewards of the (Republican) ‘Coolidge Prosperity’ of the 1920’s were not shared evenly among all Americans. According to a study done by the Brookings Institute, in 1929 the top 0.1 percent of Americans had a combined income equal to the bottom 42 percent (McElvaine, 1984 p. 38). That same top 0.1 percent of Americans in 1929 controlled 34 percent of all savings, while 80 percent of Americans had no savings at all (McElvaine, 1984 p. 38).

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Research - Essay Example The adoption of the hourly rounding program is expected to check different aspects of patient care, including pain assessment, patient positioning, assessing the accessibility of different possessions to the patient and also checking toileting needs. There are different healthcare regulatory institutions addressing the problem of patient falls. Following the publication of the 1999 report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the National Quality Forum produced a survey report, showing the 27 adverse events that could be prevented through the adoption of more effective care practices. These adverse effects include the disability and the death of patients, due to patient falls – while they are being served at healthcare institutions (NFQ, 2007). In 2008, the CMS (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services) adopted policies objecting the compensation of the payment made –following the treatment of hospital-acquired conditions at different healthcare institutions (Sherrod, Brown, Vroom & Taylor Sullivan, 2012). The serious disability and the deaths arising from patient falls – occurring among the patients under the case of healthcare institutions – are among the hospital-acquired conditions that could not b e compensated. Among the solutions proposed to address the problem of patient falls, through the guideline summary drafted towards its prevention was the adoption of hourly rounding. The hourly rounding program was proposed as the program to facilitate the monitoring of changes in the comfort and the conditions of patients, which could counter the increasing incidences of patient falls (AHRQ, 2008). The program of hourly rounding – which is initiated to improve the safety of patients and to reduce the avoidable healthcare expenses – is not a new concept, despite the fact that it has been reviewed and redeveloped (Oldrich, Kalman & Nigolian, 2012). The program

No title Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No title - Assignment Example Additionally, the negotiation of the best care for the patient might be extremely difficult in my community. A nurse working at home or community setting should have a master’s or doctoral degrees. Similarly, postmaster’s certificate in nursing from an accredited program is acceptable for a nurse to function in a community or home setting. In many states, the nurse must have a certification from the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). The nurses should have completed clinical work, as well as courses in pharmacology, health assessment, health promotion, disease diagnosis, and prevention (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2014). The nurses should have approximately two years’ post-qualifying experience. The nurses should possess expert knowledge, as well as clinical judgment in order to be certified to work in the community and home setting. Additionally, the nurses should have demonstrated unmatched dedication to the patient care. In effect, competence is a key element that informs certification of the nurses (2014). The nursing experience has prepared me adequately to function as a home health nurse or community health nurse. Notably, I have honed the skills of providing nursing care to patients through employing problem-solving approaches in accordance with guidelines and standards of holistic care delivery. Additionally, I have developed the capability to implement and facilitate patient, as well as a patient educational program that captures the needs of the communities. In essence, I am ready to work in the community and home setting as a

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Research - Essay Example The adoption of the hourly rounding program is expected to check different aspects of patient care, including pain assessment, patient positioning, assessing the accessibility of different possessions to the patient and also checking toileting needs. There are different healthcare regulatory institutions addressing the problem of patient falls. Following the publication of the 1999 report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the National Quality Forum produced a survey report, showing the 27 adverse events that could be prevented through the adoption of more effective care practices. These adverse effects include the disability and the death of patients, due to patient falls – while they are being served at healthcare institutions (NFQ, 2007). In 2008, the CMS (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services) adopted policies objecting the compensation of the payment made –following the treatment of hospital-acquired conditions at different healthcare institutions (Sherrod, Brown, Vroom & Taylor Sullivan, 2012). The serious disability and the deaths arising from patient falls – occurring among the patients under the case of healthcare institutions – are among the hospital-acquired conditions that could not b e compensated. Among the solutions proposed to address the problem of patient falls, through the guideline summary drafted towards its prevention was the adoption of hourly rounding. The hourly rounding program was proposed as the program to facilitate the monitoring of changes in the comfort and the conditions of patients, which could counter the increasing incidences of patient falls (AHRQ, 2008). The program of hourly rounding – which is initiated to improve the safety of patients and to reduce the avoidable healthcare expenses – is not a new concept, despite the fact that it has been reviewed and redeveloped (Oldrich, Kalman & Nigolian, 2012). The program

Global warming Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global warming - Speech or Presentation Example Pollution refers to any foreign material that is discharged into water, air or land. These materials either have acute or chronic effects on the environment. The pollutants discharged into air lead to global warming. Some of the pollutants include Carbon IV oxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases among others (Faust, 2008, p51). The greenhouse effect is the leading factor that leads to global warming. The Greenhouse effect, as it is commonly known, refers to the consequences of the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (Faust, 2008, p79). Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation from sunlight and in the process trap heat in the atmosphere. The production of greenhouse has increased in the recent past and this attributable to the pace of modernization. Fossil fuels are still being used in factories and vehicles, in spite being in the 21st century fossil fuels. The combustion of fossil fuels increases the percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere (Faust, 2008, p83). The increase in the percentage of Carbon (IV) Oxide leads to increased global warming. The sun emits ultraviolet radiation and the ozone layer shields us from this radiation. The layer is made up of Ozone (O3), which is very rare compared to other gases in the atmosphere (Faust, 2008, p21). Studies have found that increase global warming reduces the potency of the ozone layer of absorbing UV radiation. Global warming slowly increases the temperature of the Earth’s surface; thereby leading to a cold stratosphere. Reduced temperatures lead to the slower repairing of the layer exposing humans to dangerous UV radiation. This radiation causes cancer in both humans and animals (Faust, 2008, p34). Global warming has adverse effects that are hard to ignore. Furthermore, scientists forecast a bleak future for the human race if global warming is not reduced. Reducing the emission of greenhouse gases reduces global warming (Faust, 2008, p84). The

Narrator in Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Narrator in Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay Mark Twain chose Huck Finn to be the narrator to make the story more realistic and so that Mark Twain could get the reader to examine their own attitudes and beliefs by comparing themselves to Huck, a simple uneducated character. Twain was limited in expressing his thoughts by the fact that Huck Finn is a living, breathing person who is telling the story. Since the book is written in first person, Twain had to put himself in the place of a thirteen-year-old son of the town drunkard. He had to see life as Huck did and had to create a character that could see life as Mark Twain saw it. Huck is more than Twains mouthpiece because he is a living character and is capable of shaping the story. The language that Huck uses shows what he sees and how he will pass it on to us. Something else that is apparent is that the humor of the book often depends on Hucks language. In chapter fourteen, Huck is telling Jim about royalty in general which is an example of humor through language and incomplete education although sometimes he is not that far from the truth. They [royalty] dont do nothing! Why, how you talk! They just set around. No; is dat so? Of course it is. They just set aroundexcept, maybe, when theres a war; then they go to war. But other times they just lazy around; or go hawkingjust hawkingwhen things is dull, they fuss with the parlyment; and if everybody dont go just so he whacks their heads off. But mostly they hang round the harem. However, by using Hucks language Twain creates character and establishes realism. Huck is capable of making Twain write something merely because it is not the kind of thing Huck would say or do, and he can force Twain to leave something out because Huck would not do or say that kind of thing. Huck is essentially good-hearted, but he is looked down upon by the rest of the village. He dislikes civilized ways because they are too restrictive and  hard. He is generally ignorant of reading and writing, but he has a sharply developed sensibility. He is imaginative and clever, and has a good eye for detail, though he does not always understand everything he sees, or its significance. This enables Twain to make great use of irony. Huck is basically a realist. He knows only what he sees and experiences. He does not have a great deal of faith in things he reads or hears. He must experiment to find out what is true and what is not. With this kind of personality, Huck is able to believe Jims superstition at some times and to distrust others. He also see Huck as he is, the opposite of Tom Sawyer. He is as stated before, a realist, and generally a regular person except when he goes off on Toms adventures or when he follows Toms lead. He is not sivilizable. The end of the book makes this clear. He is where he was in the beginning: he left the Widows house, and he will leave Aunt Sallys. Something in society and civilization appalls Huck. Huck learns from Jim, who is in some ways his substitute father. He does not believe in Jims superstition until the superstition proves itself true. He mocks the snakeskin until the snakeskin does its work. Huck rises to Jims level by accepting Jims superstitions. Huck enters Jims primitive world which, though crude, is more honest and real than Miss Watsons world. He cannot go beyond this world. He wont pray because he has not had any benefits from prayer. Huck is involved in adventures and is continually bothered by his conscience. All during the trip down river, he tries to answer the question whether hes doing  right by the Widows sister and by Jim, or not. The obsession with justice  has him confused. Whatever he chooses to do, hes wrong. Hes wronging Jim if he returns him to slavery; hes wronging Miss Watson if he helps Jim escape. Huck has no way of knowing what is right. He must follow his feelings and the only thing he can do is to learn by experience. And he does. Using Huck Finn as the narrator of the book allowed Mark Twain to add more life, excitement, and realism in his writings. We can only think how good Mark Twain was at languages by how he writes. Twain created Huck, but soon Huck had his own personality and life and Mark Twain had to write with this character.

Rural Urban Migration In Ghana Cultural Studies Essay

Rural Urban Migration In Ghana Cultural Studies Essay One of the main challenges which Africa must take up at this crucial time of its development is that of feeding its people. The continent is known for its rich agricultural potential, which constitutes the major highlight of the economy in most of its countries. It is then difficult to believe that the continent is still in a race to reach a level of self-sufficiency. Unfortunately, such is the situation, and we ask ourselves millions of questions. In a country like Ghana, which is not exempt of such a situation, and where agriculture is the key sector of the economy, we wonder why rural areas are so underdeveloped, or why poverty seems to crack it and why young people are increasingly becoming rare in those areas. Moreover, we are lost as to the situation of products consumed by Ghanaians, which are mostly imported. The answer to these questions appears to be found in the substantial difference between living conditions in the urban and rural areas, which leads to the phenomenon of rural exodus. Rural-urban migration in Ghana reduces the development of agriculture, which deeply affects the economy. After the colonial period, the black continent took up an effective development race for its countries. This is reflected in urbanization, and Ghana does not make an exception. With most businesses and activities being concentrated in Ghanas urban areas, rural areas tend to lack basic needs. It is then normal to see the youth fleeing those areas for the conquest of the city. They have, indeed, many valid reasons to leave rural areas for cities like Accra or Kumasi for example. The effects of an issue cannot be discussed without looking into its causes. Likewise, we cannot also talk about the effects of rural urban migrations without, even briefly, mentioning its causes. Indeed, attracted by the beauty of the cities and its infrastructural developments, rural youth troop to the urban areas with the hope of finding a well-paid job and living a less stressful life. Whats more, the intensity of agricultural works, which are accentuated by the use rudimentary tools and ancient agricultural techniques applied make them take flight. These agricultural works are mainly determined by climate; therefore, farmers are indulged in seasonal unemployment, which does affect their financial conditions as well as their living ones. In short, the youth leave rural areas in search of greener pastures. Nevertheless, with the massive arrival of rural dwellers into the city coupled with the issues they generate, the urban areas are quickly becoming agonized with certain effects of the migration. What are they? The main effects of rural migration in Ghana are felt in the agricultural sector, which makes-up a big portion of the Ghanaian economy. The concentration of infrastructures in the city leading to the rural urban migration is making the countryside becoming more underdeveloped and devoid of strong energetic youth. The latters presence being the fuel for development in the countryside; their departure negatively affects the area by pushing it deeper into underdevelopment. Indeed, the youth leave behind aged and infants who are not able to put much energy into the intricate work of farming, which constitutes most of the economic development of the area, and of the country as a whole (Rural to Urban migration). Consequently, the rarity of youth, that is, the labour hand in the countryside doesnt favor agricultural activities but rather brings both rural and urban dwellers deeper into poverty and starvation. Like Liebenow said in 1986: The mass exodusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦from the impoverished countryside leaves not only fewer hands to grow the nations food but more mouths to feed (Liebenow, qtd in Twumasi-Ankrah, 180-184). This quote shortly explains the dire effects of rural to urban migration on both the city and the countryside. With an increasing number of people leaving the rural areas, which happens to be the fertile grounds of development for any developing country, a limited number of labor forces begin to be felt as time goes by (Rural to Urban migration). Food production therefore becomes low, while there are more and more people in the urban areas who need to be fed. A report by the Ghana News Agency (GNA) indicates that a total of 1.2 million Ghanaians have limited access to sufficient and nutritious food throughout the year, while another 2 million are at risk, or become food insecure (Ghana News Agency, 1). It becomes obvious that once the agricultural motor which is the labor hand is affected, the farming revenue too is attacked and is seriously decreasing. Agriculture has then a central role to play in promoting growth and poverty reduction in the Ghanaian economy at this stage of our development, and Ghana needs an agricultural revolution based on productivity growth; this will raise almost a million more Ghanaians out of poverty (Nankani, 2). In agriculture-based countries in South Saharan Africa, like Ghana, agriculture accounts for 32 percent of GDP growth, mainly because it already is a large share of GDP (Nankani). Therefore, any mistake in farms is directly negatively affecting the whole economy of the country. Moreover, this situation favours the development of the agriculture of subsistence since farmers dont have adequate tools and conditions for a massive production. This type of agriculture production is on family scale, that is, not even enough to reach the city. Therefore, the country is no more able to export food supplies, but rather import them. The government, then, has to spend a lot of money trying to prevent its people from starvation. Such conditions slow down then Ghana in its process of becoming alimentary auto-sufficient. In addition, developing countries usually have a limited number of social amenities to cater for their population. This situation worsens with an increasing number of people trooping from the rural areas to the urban areas. Usage of limited facilities increases. With such increases, facilities wear out quicker than expected, and this affects the economy by increasing costs for the government (Rural to Urban migration). An increase in the number of migrants does not only put pressure on limited facilities, but it also endangers the security of others when these migrants finally realize that the job markets are not suitable for them. With no job and no sources of income, rural migrants must make ends meet. The situation becomes a desperate one where people are ready to do anything to get money. Most migrants from rural areas then result to practices such as stealing, armed robbery, prostitution. Furthermore, since they cannot afford a decent shelter, they are likely to settle in what is popularly known as kiosks. Once started by one person, the trend follows. The area quickly becomes overcrowded with an atmosphere not worthy of living in (Rural to Urban migration) Other examples of migrants who end up engaging in any activity that would earn them some money are the Kayayos. They are young women or girls who work as porters, carrying heavy loads on their heads (DiCampo, 1). They usually migrate from rural areas in the northern region to the bustling cities in the south (DiCampo, 1). These young girls and women usually get very little for the hard work they do. I wont go back to that place. They are suffering there. If you dont have money, you suffer. You wont eat. At home, you can always cook and eat, said Amariya, a woman in her 20s who worked in Ghanas capital, Accra, until she had enough money to return to her village and marry (DiCampo, 1). This is the reality once in the city. Like Amariya, some of them choose to leave; others keep fighting for a better urban life and become exposed to many social vices that they further cultivate. These people for example, with such instabilities in their lives are not able to send their children to school either in the countryside or in the city since such infrastructures are missing in the rural areas while they are expensive in town. In addition, we must not forget that rural to urban migration has devoid the countryside of teachers, a form of brain drain on the rural population (Twumasi-Ankrah). Rural-urban migration then, is an important factor of analphabetism which represents a danger for the future of the country, that is, the unavailability of elites to push the country forward in its development processes. It is amazing to see how much these issues are slowly but surely affecting the country. It becomes obvious that something must be done to slow down this phenomenon. The countryside represents the power hands that feed a country and it needs to be developed, that is, to have infrastructures and good conditions of life to insure good productivity. The decentralization of the city then becomes an emergency for the survival of the country and the stability of its economic situation. In conclusion, we can deduce from this analysis that the rural areas and urban areas are intrinsically related which besides has serious impacts on the Ghanaian economy. Rural migration is a realistic phenomenon, a real scourge that undermines the Ghanaian society and Africa as a whole, weakening at the same time the efforts for an effective development, which is mainly based on agriculture. The fact of the matter is that the rural youth desert the villages for the cities, and it creates many negative consequences for both the cities and the rural areas. It is then imperative that the government must take more effective actions in order to establish the lacking infrastructures, that is, to fix this ongoing problem. This seems to be the only way for the country to solve the problem, and to make effective steps towards development. Does the fact that rural urban migration is tearing Ghana mean that it doesnt have beneficial effects on both the city and the countryside?

History and Analysis of the Schwarzkopf Advertising Campaign Essay

The media control all mass communication all over the world, its existence is integral to today’s twenty-four hour society. All media is highly influential, from on television to radio, newspapers to magazines, but especially the  £19billion advertising industry. Although many people refuse to admit it we are easily manipulated into buying particular products subconsciously, a well-produced and marketed advert can increase sales revenue for any product. Schwarzkopf hair care & dyes is well known as an alternative to the mainstream hair companies. Hans Schwarzkopf whose first formula in 1903 was an instant hit with his female customers established Schwarzkopf in 1868. The water-soluble powder shampoo, â€Å"The Shampoo with the Black Head†, offered an easy-to-use and value-for-money alternative to the expensive oils and harsh soaps of the time. Since then the brand has continued to grow and is famous for providing striking colours for women with a more adventurous styl e at an affordable price. Their latest advertised product â€Å"Live Unlimited Gloss† hair colour was featured on the back page of Heat magazine issue 533. Heat is the UK’s leading women’s celebrity weekly costing  £1.65 and a target audience of young celebrity conscious women. The target audience for Live Unlimited Gloss hair colour is young women aged 18-25 who want to make a statement with their hair colour and fashions, on a low budget. In the top-right corner of the advert there is the Schwarzkopf logo in silver, set in a black background. To the left of this it says â€Å"111 YEARS Schwarzkopf† in a clear font. This instils confidence in the viewer that the product is of good quality and they will receive the benefits of the company’s long experience. Underneath this, th... ...hine, but also cares for your hair as in the company’s slogan. The third and final bullet-point uses the statistic that â€Å"9 out of 10 women are delighted by the long lasting shine.† The reader is finally persuaded by the largely positive recommendation from other women. By saying the shine is â€Å"long-lasting,† the customer is guaranteed good value for money. In conclusion, this advert from Heat Magazine is very effective in portraying the message of the advert. The advert is subtle, and presents the main feature of shiny hair well, without being too garish and shows Schwarzkopf as being of high quality and professional. Not being someone who colours my hair this product does not interest me directly but I would probably suggest it to another based on this advert. In my opinion, this makes the advert successful as it reaches and is relevant to the target audience.

The Musical World of Aaron Copland Essay -- Biography Music

Aaron Copland was born on November 14th, 1900 in Brooklyn, New York, United States (3). His parents, Harris Morris Copland and Sarah Mittenthal Copland, were Jewish immigrants from Russia (6). Copland had four older siblings who grew up together. When he was eleven years old, one of his sisters, Laurine, taught him how to play a piano (3). Laurine also influenced to his musical world by introducing him to ragtime and opera (6). From 1913 to 1917, he took his first formal piano lessons from Leopold Wolfsohn (3, 6). Wolfsohn introduced him to the pieces of the great musicians such as Beethoven and Mozart. When he was fifteen, he attended a concert by composer Ignacy Paderewski. The dream of becoming a composer sprouted inside him after attending the concert (3). While he is attending Boys’ High School in 1917, he began to study composition and music theory through taking corresponding courses taught by Rubin Goldmark (2). Rubin Goldmark was a very conservative American composer, who discouraged modern music. After his graduation from Boy’s High School in 1918, he chose to study composition with Goldmark instead of attending to a university (6). He also received piano lessons from Victor Wittgenstein and Clarence Alder. He was exposed to various genres of music by attending to operas and concerts. The Cat and the Mouse (1920) was his first published composition that was not shown to Goldmark. The Cat and the Mouse is a literal composition which fast tempo depicts the mouse while slow tempo depicts the cat (1). In 1921, he wrote the Piano Sonata for Goldmark (6) Copland did not like the conservative musical world of United States (1). After he completed the Piano Sonata, he left United States and continued his studying in American... ...siconline.com/subscriber/article/opr/t237/e2406>. Web. 3. Copland, Aaron, and Vivian, Perlis. Copland: 1900 through 1942. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. Print. 4. Copland, Aaron, and Vivian, Perlis. Copland: Since 1943. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. Print. 5. Griffiths, Paul. "Copland, Aaron." The Oxford Companion to Music. Ed. Alison Latham. Oxford Music Online. 16 Jan. 2011 . Web. 6. Howard Pollack. "Copland, Aaron." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. 16 Jan. 2011 . Web. 7. Pollack, Howard. Aaron Copland: The Life and Work of an Uncommon Man. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999. Print. 8. Kamien, Roger. Music: An Appreciation. New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2010. Print.

Scientific Method( Diffusion Lab)

Experiment: At this experiment we are investigating does the temperature affect how quickly the particles diffuse to an even concentration throughout the water, we are going to do this experiment by using food coloring to see how quick the food coloring diffuse in hot water and cold water. Materials: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ One beaker Hot plate Ice Water Food coloring Thermometer Timer Eye dropper Hypothesis:I think the food coloring will spread faster, because the particle in the hot water have more kinetic energy than the cold water, so it will spread faster.Particles at a higher temperature are moving faster than particles at a lower temperature, that is one of the law in particle theory. It spread slower in cold water, because the particles is moving slower than the hot water, when the water cool down the particles start to lost kinetic energy and they slowly clump together and vibrate. Procedure: First gather all the materials we need for the experiment, then pour 40ml cold water into the beaker.Wait for the temperature even out, then measure and record the temperature. After that use the eye dropper to collect some food coloring drip 4 drops into the beaker, record the amount of time needed for the food coloring to reach an even concentration throughout the cold water beaker. After the food coloring reach an even concentration, write what much time it takes to reach that. Next empty the beaker and add 40ml room temperature water from the tap into the beaker. Measure and record the temperature.Repeat the steps where we start using the eye dropper to drip 4 drops of food coloring into the beaker to where the food coloring spread evenly. Empty the beaker and heat up some water on the hot plate at level 2. After ? ve minutes of heating on the hot plate, pour 40ml of hot water into a beaker. Repeat the steps where we start using the eye dropper to drip 4 drops of food coloring into the beaker to where the food coloring s pread evenly. Last step, empty the beaker and replace all lab materials.Observation: When I start to drip 4 drops of food coloring, I saw the food coloring spread faster in the hot water, it take eight minutes and ? fty-one second to reach equal concentration through the beaker. I pull the food coloring after the water is boiled, and I can feel the heat was ? owing in the air, that mean it got many energy in the water to make the food color spread faster, it take three minute and ten second second to reach an equal concentration. For the cold water it take eleven minutes and ? ty-eight second to an reach equal concentration with the temperature 9 Celsius. It take eight minute and ? fty-one second for the room temperature water to reach an equal concentration. Conclusion: After this experiment I found that the food coloring spread faster in hot water, and it spread slower in the cold water, because the hot water had more energy and molecular movement in the warm water, particles at a higher temperature are moving faster than particles at a lower temperature, that is one of the law in particle theory.Diffusion is a process by which particles move from an are of high concentration to an area with low concentration, to explain why this happen because particles are always bouncing off each other, and an area witha high concentration of particles would be harder for a particle to bounce into than the one with very few particles.When I come up with the hypothesis I think of everything that we learn in science class, and I do research on the internet, so I came up that the particles inside the hot water is moving faster, and I thought that the cold water will spread slower, because when state change liquid to solid the particles start to lose energy and they slowly clump together and vibrate ,as the particle theory said the higher temperature the faster it moves.Water Temperature Time Cold Water 9 Celsius 11:58 min Hot Water 60 Celsius 3:10 min Room Temperature Water 20 Celsius 8:51 min Does Temperature affect how quick the food coloring to reach an equal concentration?

Marketing and Nike Swot Analysis Essay

Nike Swot Analysis Strengths * A very professionally competitive company. * Has ownership of no physical factories so production can be moved to a more cost effective location when necessary. * Very well branded among consumers. * Offers their products worldwide. * Have offices in forty five different countries. * Fortune 500 company. * Employs over thirty thousand people across the world. * Has a very strong marketing campaign that increases brand familiarity. * Chains of retail stores such as Niketown. * Has ventured into many different rebranding opportunities with successful results. * Providing lightweight shoes by incorporating lunarlite foam materials. Read more: http://www.quality-assurance-solutions.com/swot-analysis-nike.html#ixzz2IzMDg4a0 Swot Analysis Nike Weaknesses * Profits are largely dependent on the footwear products while other branded products are not as strong. * History of violations of over time laws and minimum wage rates in Vietnam. * Accusations of poor conditions in the work place. * Accusations of exploiting workforces that will work for cheap in overseas countries. * Constant focal point for negative criticism by the anti-globalization groups. Read more: http://www.quality-assurance-solutions.com/swot-analysis-nike.html#ixzz2IzMHweg2 Swot Analysis Nike Opportunities * Creating sportswear items by incorporating the waste from regular manufacturing. * Stepping into the line of economy boosting projects that will encourage recycling. * Product development that changes as the trends change. * Expansion into sport sunglasses and jewelry lines. * Expansion in the global markets to create larger brand recognition. * Reducing controversy surrounding their trade and production practices. Read more: http://www.quality-assurance-solutions.com/swot-analysis-nike.html#ixzz2IzMJaFq6 Swot Analysis Nike Threats * Operating business internationally opens them to the possibilities of currency value fluctuations that can lead to losses. * Competitors are becoming more aggressive and creating high quality products that are taking from the profits of NIKE. * Sensitivity to price among consumers leads them to purchase the most cost effective pair of sports shoes. * Maintaining the reputation of being eco-friendly. * Managing the financial conditions in the economy today. Read more: http://www.quality-assurance-solutions.com/swot-analysis-nike.html#ixzz2IzMLVeVp SWOT Nike February 26, 2010 By Hitesh Bhasin Leave a Comment SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: * Nike is the world’s no. 1 shoemaker. It designs and sells shoes for a variety of sports including baseball, golf, cheerleading, volleyball, tennis and football. * Nike uses a â€Å"Make to Stock† customer order which provides a fast service to customers from available stock. * Nike operates Nike Town shoe and sportswear stores, Nike factory outlets and Nike Women shops. Nike sells its products throughout US and in more than 180 countries. * Nike is strong at research and development, as is evidenced by its evolving and innovative product range. They then manufacture wherever they can produce high quality product at the lowest possible price. * Nike is a global brand. It is the number one sports brand in the World. Its famous ‘Swoosh’ is instantly recognizable, and Phil Knight (Founder and CEO) even has it tattooed on his ankle. Weaknesses: * The income of the business is still heavily dependent upon its share of the footwear market. This may leave it vulnerable if for any reason its market share erodes. * The retail sector is very price sensitive. However, most of its income is derived from selling into retailers. Retailers tend to offer a very similar experience to the consumer. So margins tend to get squeezed as retailers try to pass some of the low price competition pressure onto Nike. Opportunities: * Product development offers Nike many opportunities. The brand is fiercely defended by its owners whom truly believe that Nike is not a fashion brand however consumers that wear Nike product do not always buy it to participate in sport. In youth culture especially, Nike is a fashion brand. This creates its own opportunities, s * There is also the opportunity to develop products such as sport wear, sunglasses and jewellery. Such high value items do tend to have associated with them, high profit * The business could also be developed internationally, building upon its strong global brand recognition. There are also global marketing events that can be utilised to support the brand such as the World Cup (soccer) and The Olympics. Threats: * Nike is exposed to the international nature of trade. It buys and sells in different currencies and so costs and margins are not stable over long periods of time. Such an exposure could mean that Nike may be manufacturing and/or selling at a loss. This is an issue that faces all global brands. * The market for sports shoes and garments is very competitive. Competitors are developing alternative brands to take away Nike’s market share. SWOT Analysis Nike, Inc. Would you like a lesson on SWOT analysis? Strengths. * Nike is a very competitive organization. Phil Knight (Founder and CEO) is often quoted as saying that ‘Business is war without bullets.’ Nike has a healthy dislike of is competitors. At the Atlanta Olympics, Reebok went to the expense of sponsoring the games. Nike did not. However Nike sponsored the top athletes and gained valuable coverage. * Nike has no factories. It does not tie up cash in buildings and manufacturing workers. This makes a very lean organization. Nike is strong at research and development, as is evidenced by its evolving and innovative product range. They then manufacture wherever they can produce high quality product at the lowest possible price. If prices rise, and products can be made more cheaply elsewhere (to the same or better specification), Nike will move production. * Nike is a global brand. It is the number one sports brand in the World. Its famous ‘Swoosh’ is instantly recognisable, and Phil Knight even has it tattooed on his ankle. Weaknesses. * The organization does have a diversified range of sports products. However, the income of the business is still heavily dependent upon its share of the footwear market. This may leave it vulnerable if for any reason its market share erodes. * The retail sector is very price sensitive. Nike does have its own retailer in Nike Town. However, most of its income is derived from selling into retailers. Retailers tend to offer a very similar experience to the consumer. Can you tell one sports retailer from another? So margins tend to get squeezed as retailers try to pass some of the low price competition pressure onto Nike. Your marketing qualification We’re delighted to offer you online marketing courses which give you total flexibility and the freedom to learn marketing when you like – from anywhere in the world. You can sign up to a course today. It takes 5 minutes! Marketing Teacher is the most popular marketing education content site in the world. You can gain certification and qualifications from Marketing Teacher. Opportunities. * Product development offers Nike many opportunities. The brand is fiercely defended by its owners whom truly believe that Nike is not a fashion brand. However, like it or not, consumers that wear Nike product do not always buy it to participate in sport. Some would argue that in youth culture especially, Nike is a fashion brand. This creates its own opportunities, since product could become unfashionable before it wears out i.e. consumers need to replace shoes. * There is also the opportunity to develop products such as sport wear, sunglasses and jewellery. Such high value items do tend to have associated with them, high profits. * The business could also be developed internationally, building upon its strong global brand recognition. There are many markets that have the disposable income to spend on high value sports goods. For example, emerging markets such as China and India have a new richer generation of consumers. There are also global marketing events that can be utilised to support the brand such as the World Cup (soccer) and The Olympics. Threats. * Nike is exposed to the international nature of trade. It buys and sells in different currencies and so costs and margins are not stable over long periods of time. Such an exposure could mean that Nike may be manufacturing and/or selling at a loss. This is an issue that faces all global brands. * The market for sports shoes and garments is very competitive. The model developed by Phil Knight in his Stamford Business School days (high value branded product manufactured at a low cost) is now commonly used and to an extent is no longer a basis for sustainable competitive advantage. Competitors are developing alternative brands to take away Nike’s market share. * As discussed above in weaknesses, the retail sector is becoming price competitive. This ultimately means that consumers are shopping around for a better deal. So if one store charges a price for a pair of sports shoes, the consumer could go to the store along the street to compare prices for the exactly the same item, and buy the cheaper of the two. Such consumer price sensitivity is a potential external threat to Nike.

Eugenics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Eugenics - Essay Example As quoted in "Regulating Eugenics," Francis Galton—who was actually a cousin of Charles Darwin—first used the term "eugenics" in 1883. Galton described it as: But who is to say which "race" or "strain of blood" is more "suitable" than another? This paper will look at several topics concerning eugenics and what the practice might mean in the present day and future. There is a type of eugenics that is practiced in nature. If a zebra is born with a genetic defect that affects its legs, it will very soon be culled from the herd by predators. It is a fact of nature that the weakest and sickest are, in general, the first to die; it is survival of the fittest. Humans are one predator that flip this equation on its ear. How many hunters hope to bag the smallest, sickliest of deer? No, human hunters tend to go for the "prize," thus removing from the gene pool an animal that has some sort of genetic disposition—a better immune system; greater intelligence to protect it from predators, automobiles, or starvation; stronger bones and muscle and greater strength—that has allowed it to reach an enviable size and age. To protect from overpopulation, at least in deer, hunting is a necessity; however, by culling these "trophies" from the population, hunters are weakening the stock that otherwise would have been strengthened by natural selection. But perhaps humans make up for this toying with the nature of things by taking care of our own. In Greek literature, there is mention of blind prophet. Left on his own, this man would likely die; instead, he is cared for and tended by his peers. Whether or not this person is fictional or historical does not matter, for if this behavior exists in literature, it can be reasoned that it existed in real life as well. Throughout literature and history, there is mention of a person disabled

National Health expenditures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Health expenditures - Assignment Example Similarly, the net cost of health insurance steadily rose from $2.6 billion in 1970 to $210.6 in 2013.Furthermore, the government expenditure on public health activities $1.4 billion in the year 1970 (CMS, 2007). Based on the National Health Expenditure figures, the value also increased to $75.4 billion by 2013.In addition, the Federal government has also increased its allocation in making the investment in the health sector. In 1970, the Federal government spent $7.8 billion in health investment. In 2013, a staggering $164.6 billion was allocated towards making new investments in the health sector (CMS, 2007). The percentage of GDP spent on NHE has been fluctuating from time to time. In some instance, the percentage change in GDP was negative and in some cases it was positive. In the year 1991, the percentage of GDP reduced sharply with a margin of -8%. In 2009, the percentage increase in GDP was the highest reaching the mark of 5.8% (Hennessy et al., 2007). According to the figures presented above, the analysis indicates that the government has been increasing funding for the purposing of improving quality health provision. One of the core mandates of the Federal government is to provide accessible medical care to its citizens. The federal government has ensured that it provides quality and available medical attention. Furthermore, the emergence of deadly diseases such as cancer that is most prevalent in most developed countries, the need to invest in medical care has been necessitated (CMS, 2010). The prices of medical care coverage have been relatively affordable. Affordability of care services has been made possible with the Federal government commitment to invest in the public health sector. Since the government expenditure in medical investment, medical services have been made affordable. The Federal government has promoted the creation of new national hospitals in a bid to ensure there is the accessibility of medical

Personal and Professional Development Assignment - 2

Personal and Professional Development - Assignment Example Individuals who are persuading their studies, still in colleges and yet to join organization can learn from friends, newspapers and internet. Self-managed learning provides the people with chances of innovation with their own learning strategies. In some cases, many of the learners are seen to adopt short term learning strategies but the changing environment has made it inevitable that the learners should take up long term learning (Garrow, 1998). Approaches of Self-Managed Learning In colleges, students can learn through research, this is even possible when the individual is in his workplace. There are several learning approaches that the individual can follow for learning. However, the most common approaches are discussed below: Informal or experimental learning Most of the people are seen to learn through informal or experimental means. ... Through social networking sites, individuals can chat with their friends and colleagues and can learn from them. There are various written materials along with articles that enhance the knowledge base of the individuals. Coaching Coaching is the art of facilitating the enhancement of the development, learning and performance of the others. It has a personal form that is one to one on the job approach. This approach of helping people assists in developing the levels of competence and skills. Mentoring Mentoring is the process through which some trained individuals are specially selected to provide support, guidance and pragmatic advice in order to help the individual or a group of persons, under the responsibility of the trained individual, to develop and learn. Mentors help the individuals in performing better in the future and grooming them to attain greater heights in their career, which is commonly referred as career advancement. Mentors provide suggestions to the people for learn ing contracts and drawing self-development programs. They also provide help with learning programs and guidance regarding the necessary skills and knowledge that can be acquired to perform the new job roles. Life Long Learning Lifelong learning can be defined as a learning activity that can be conducted throughout one’s life, with an aim of enhancing competencies and knowledge skills within a social, civic, personal and employment-related perspective (O'Grady, 2013). The two different ways in which lifelong learning, in a personal and professional context, could be encouraged are Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and Personal Development Planning (PDP). Continuing Professional Development CPD is the enhancement and

Diffusion of innovation theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diffusion of innovation theory - Essay Example Complexity connotes the extent to which the usage and understanding the simplicity of an innovation appear difficult. Youths are picking up essential technological and social skills that they need to contribute fully to contemporary society (Clark, 2011). Erecting barriers to communication deprives the youths of access to these forms of learning. Youths could benefit from educators being more open to forms of experimentation and social exploration that are not characteristic of educational institutions. The content, way of relating and skills that youths value are highly variable dependent on what type of social groups they associate with (Boyd, 2007). This diversity in forms of literature means that it is problematic to develop a standardized set of benchmarks to measure new levels of media and technical literacy. Both Guttenberg and Martin Luther faced great opposition from the religious authorities of the time and took the bold step to use mass production as an effective tool for evangelization. Through the power of the press, religious leaders like Martin Luther managed to spread the Word amidst widespread opposition and condemnation from the mainstream church (Crosby, 2012). Through the use of the press, Martin Luther was able to lead the Reformation and evangelize to the masses. The Reformation was a time of dramatic religious dissent during which various church groups broke away from the dominating Catholic Church.

Natural Disasters Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Natural Disasters - Research Paper Example Although to date, it is still not very clear that Pakistan’s relief efforts were a success or not because of the excessive obstacles created against government, policy makers and humanitarian organization by the lack of communication and transport, but rehabilitation and rescue services started as soon as the underground eruption hit the area Name of the student: Name of the teacher: Course number: Submission date: Even after six years, Pakistan is still enduring impacts of the massive earthquake occurred on the morning of October 8, 2005. Pakistan is a sovereign Islamic state in South Asia. Its northern areas consists of lush green valleys, mountains, ice cold lakes, fruit laden orchards and flower laden slopes. With its rich historical past, these areas serve as heaven of relaxation for tourists as depicted in figure 1 and 2. Figure 1 Valley of Kashmir FIGURE 2: Valley of Swat On the morning of October 8, 2005 at 8:50 A.M local time, these areas were hit by a massive earthqu ake. The magnitude of the earthquake was Mw =7.6 which was the strongest earthquake in the last 100 years in the area. It hit the Himalayan Region of the Northern Pakistan and Kashmir. ... Figure 3 illustrates the situation of the city before and after the event. Figure 3: City of Balakot: Before and After Destruction The initial death toll, according to media reports, was 30,000 people killed only in Kashmir with42, 397 people injured and 200 army soldiers killed on duty. Completely destroyed areas included the city of Muzaffarabad and Balakot, which turned into a plain piece of land after the quake. (Pakimp3,2005). The government’s official death toll is 75,000 whereas, USGS states 86,000 people’s death with 69,000 injured including extensive damage in northern Pakistan. Various other Northern areas of the state were also badly affected such as Gilgit, Baltistan, Swat and Khyber province of Pakistan. Major cities such as Rawalpindi, Islamabad were also affected. A 10- story residential building in Islamabad, named Margalla Towers collapsed completely, killing almost all of the occupants. The death toll grew significantly after the actual event due to ha rsh weather and difficulties in the support services. Severity of the destruction of earthquake is not completely attributed to the severe up thrust in the land plates but poor construction also played a major role in spreading the destruction. As figure 4 and figure 5 show an example of poor construction in the capital city of the country. FIGURE 5: Margalla Towers collapsed due to construction defects The severe shaking was not the limit of this massive natural disaster but aftershocks, landslides and rock falls also rocked the devastated areas a number of times for several weeks. Land sliding was the main feature of this event and earthquake triggered a band of landslidings along the fault rupture trace. These

Planning a Party Essay Example for Free

Planning a Party Essay Planning a party takes time and requires focus. You want to make sure you get everything covered and don’t leave out any details. You need to find a location, possibly a public venue or even your own home. Will you have a theme or keep it casual? Not only is the location important but who will be your party guests? You want to know who will be attending and where so that you can make proper arrangements for food, beverages, party favors and decorations. Finding the proper location for a party can be tricky. You will need to make sure that the venue can hold enough people depending on the size of the party. Do your research online first and see what sort of businesses in your area offer space to rent. Will there be enough parking available? Is the date of your party available at the time and location you chose? These are all important questions to ask while planning. Don’t forget to make a reservation or schedule a walk through. You may find the perfect place to host your party and choose to change your date. It all depends on what you want and what details are important to you. Once you have decided on your party venue and what your theme will be, if you decide to have one, then it’s time to start making a list of who you will be inviting. Remember just because you invite someone it does not mean they will be attending. This is when it becomes a good time to add an R.S.V.P to your invitation so you can get a better idea of the number of people who will actually be attending. If your guests will be allowed to bring someone make sure you put that on the invitation as well. Date, time and the type of dress are also important to include. You may choose to send a paper invite through the mail or send your invite by email. When choosing your invitation you can get creative with your theme or keep it basic. Next you have the task of tackling the details, food, drinks, decorations and party favors. If you choose to have food at your party be sure to plan ahead. Keep in mind the number of guests expected to attend and the age group. Catering is always an option or you may choose to make food or snacks on your own. When selecting beverages you may want to select a few options so that your guests have choices. When selecting decorations recruit the help of a friend or two for an outside opinion and help setting up. If your party will be themed try and stick to your theme while decorating. Getting a list together of what you would like can save you time. Party favors can be a fun way to thank your guests for attending and give them something to remember your party. There are loads of ideas online that you can use to get creative. Once you have all your ideas and details in place then your party is ready to come to life. There are so many options out there that can make your party just what you want it to be. Just remember to stay calm; getting stressed or discouraged will not make the process any fun. If you need help with something don’t be afraid to ask a friend. There are so many choices to make and endless possibilities. Give yourself adequate time to prepare. When it comes time for the party try to have fun and enjoy what you have created. If your guests see that you are relaxed and enjoying yourself they will relax and have a good time.

Dynamics of Apartheid in South Africa

Dynamics of Apartheid in South Africa It is easy to forget that Apartheid only finished twenty six years ago in 1991 when the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act was passed this subsequently led to the repealing of the laws enforcing racial segregation which included the Group Areas Act. Apartheid is the word given to racial segregation in South Africa; this was specifically a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa (Merriam-Webster, 2011). In this essay I will discuss both the political and economic discrimination that took place while also looking at the subtle but important undertones of religion that also affected Apartheid.ÂÂ   The essay will be split into three sections, with the first section discussing how the laws that were passed during the period of Apartheid were inextricably linked to an attempt to control the non-European in the society of the time in South Africa and to solidify the power of the politi cal in power at the time. The second part of this essay will look at how this control worked economically and if there was anything that the non-Europeans in South Africa could do in an attempt to bypass them. It will also consider whether the control it exercised truly did result in the continuation of power being in the hands of the whites or if it actually ended up accelerating the process that led to the era of Apartheid being overturned and Nelson Mandela being inaugurated into being the first voted in Black president of South Africa as part of the African National Congress. Finally the essay will consider the role that religion had in this era of Apartheid. Whether religion ended up helping the formation of segregation or whether it was unhelpful towards the movement. Religion is always portrayed as a beacon of uniting those from different races and ethnicities around the world. This essay will consider whether this was the case or whether Apartheid made religion lose sight of its purpose and morals and promoted the political philosophy of Apartheid. When considering the laws that came into being during the time of the National Party it is important to consider the history of legislation in South Africa. There were long-standing laws from the time of the British and Afrikaner administrations in South Africa. A good example of this would be the Glen Grey Act of 1894, (Smythe N C, 1995) this was the original legislation of land reclamation to the white population from the native population. The Glen Grey act also created a tax on labour that forced Xhosa men, an ethnic group that is mainly situated around the south and south eastern part of South Africa, into work on farms and other industry. It is important to consider the effect that these laws from colonial times had on the laws that came into effect during the time of Apartheid. With regards to Segregation, there were multiple laws that came into effect but none that had such a great impact as The Population Registration Act, 1950. This required that every person who was a citizen of South Africa be classified and registered into a racial class to divide the population up (Dugard, 2016). All inhabitants in South Africa at the time were divided into categories; these were Black, White and Coloured (mixed) later on in the period Indians were added to the category list, this was for those who originated from South Asia and India. This act was the foundation of everything that became Apartheid, it led to the forbidding for a white and a person of another race to marry and then a year later in 1950 it became a crime for any white person to have sexual intercourse with any person of another race (Robertson and Whitten, 1978). These laws were an attempt to divide the population and with which the administration that was leading the country would be able to demote w ho were not white into lesser positions in society and also to move them through land reclamation. This law was not repealed until June 17th 1991 by The South African Parliament. This was the first act of legislation with Apartheid being foreseen by the government and as mentioned earlier became the foundation of everything that apartheid became. This is a good example of a dynamic that occurred during the time of Apartheid in South Africa Another piece of legislation that came in was in 1953, this was The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act 1953, this was again an initiative with which to exercise more racial segregation in South Africa and solidify the idea of apartheid. This act legalised the segregation of public places vehicles and services. This left only roads that were excluded from this law and meant they became the only area where all races were together.ÂÂ   Within this law there were multiple sections that had minor details in which became incredibly important. One of these was Section 3a; this made it permissible to completely exclude someone from public places, vehicles or services based solely on their race. This preceded section 3b; this bylaw meant that the facilities for the two races did not have to be equal, or anywhere near the same quality. This meant that in reality the best facilities were reserved for whites and those that were outdated or inferior where given to the other races. This le d to total segregation between races and the creation of white-only jobs. This finally ended up with the cementing of the National Partys control over the economic and social systems in the country. This ended up leading to the National Partys plan for the Grand Apartheid a plan to emphasise the territorial separation and the continuation and enlargement of the police repression that had been occurring throughout the period of apartheid. This is an incredibly important part of Apartheid and the effects it had on the population in South Africa. Secondly, with regards to legislation in an attempt to exercise control in 1953 the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act were passed, this led to the empowerment of the government to declare a state of emergency at which there would be increased penalties for those who were considered in contempt of the laws. These penalties included fines, imprisonment and even whippings; there are multiple stories of the government declaring a state of emergency in an attempt to crush any potential uprising that there may have been potential for. One good example of this would be in 1960, a large groups of people classified as black, from an area called Sharepeville refused to carry their identification papers which identified which race class they were part of and also where they were from. The government decided that this was grounds for the declaration of a state of emergency; this emergency lasted for one hundred and fifty six days and involved sixty nine people dying and one hu ndred and eighty seven people wounded. These people died because of the demonstrations against what was perceived to be unfair pass laws, it led to the South African Police opening fire against the demonstrators and killing all these people. This is another example of how the imposing of Apartheid by the government of the day let to terrible and unjust treatment of certain races in South Africa at the time; it also went a long way to suggesting that the white regime had no intention of changing the unjust laws of Apartheid. This again discusses a key dynamic of Apartheid in South Africa During Apartheid one of the ways that control was upheld by the government was through an extremely brutal and well ordered police force that was at the disposal at the government to quieten and extinguish and those who had become disenfranchised with the Apartheid regime. This was a non-white majority in the country that was growing increasingly restless with the regime and this ended up leading to the Sharepville massacre as mentioned above. When there was a State of Emergency ordered in the country the police would then be assisted by the military. The government of the time ordered multiple strategies to stifle any anti-apartheid activists and critics of the white minority government. Some of these tactics included counter-insurgency and intimidation. Over the period from 1960 to 1990 sixty seven people died in police custody or detention either from hanging or torture or what was put down to natural causes although there is strong evidence to suggest that this was in fact not th e actual cause of death in many cases. (Goldberg, n.d.) This is another dynamic of Apartheid and the impacts it had on South Africa Another way in which legislation led to forcible control by the minority white led government was through forcible relocation. This was a policy where over 86% of the country was granted to the white South African population. This meant that the other colour populations were forced to relocate from where they lived or even originally came from. Normally this would be relocation outside the city limits or if they were Black Africans they would be relocated to one of the ten Bantustans, these were communities that were set up specifically for to home major African ethnic groups. These were state-created communities usually put in the least desirable places where there was little to no natural resources industry or any kind of workable farmland. They also regularly had little to no public transport and were given little to no chance to build high quality communities. The government also passed laws saying that these were the only areas where Black political rights were recognised and ac cepted. Outside of these specific areas the Black Africans were unable to vote or even own land. This was regardless of whether their families had been there for or whether there were historical ancestors who had inhabited the area as well. This policy resulted in major relocation and devastating results for this demographic. From 1950 to 1986, there were more than 1.5 million Africans of colour that were forcibly removed from their homes and relocated from the urban centres or major mineral areas and also the most fertile land. These areas were given to the minority whites and the Black population was moved either to Bantustans or to newly formed townships that were springing up all over the country as people were looking for better environments for their families and relations. This is another example of a key dynamic of apartheid and how it had a dramatic effect. Finally, when looking at the dynamic of religion with regards to the time of Apartheid in South Africa there is a lot to consider. When looking at religion with a focus on Christianity it is important to consider that the church attempts to create an image of an all-inclusive and non-judgemental institution. However, the best example of the church and Apartheid would be to look at the Dutch Reformed Church. This is also a good example as during Apartheid Christianity was by far the most popular religion with over 85% of the total population. Apartheid became an incredibly difficult period for the church as it had to deal with segregation and whether there was a need to align itself with the rest of South Africa during the time and have split churches for congregations who were coloured and congregations for those who were white. This created huge tensions and then when the Dutch Reformed Church decided to actively promote racial divisions through endorsing Apartheid it was extremely controversial. The Dutch Reformed church became known as the official religion of the National Party during the Apartheid era. This was put down to Chruch leaders over the 1970s and 1980s, the assumption by church leaders that the congregation were in favour of Apartheid led to them being incredibly committed to Apartheid and even more so than much of their congregations. In the long run this commitment to the cause of Apartheid became increasingly damaging and led to the church becoming an impediment to political reform. This, however, is not to say that all clergy and leaders were for Apartheid, there were some very famous members of the church who openly spoke out against Apartheid. One of these was Reverend Beyers Naude who famously left his white only church and went to be part of a parish that was for all blacks, this created a huge stir within the church and was a huge show of support to the anti-Apartheid movement. This, however, was not the case throughout the church there are many examples of church leaders being anti-Apartheid. One good example of this is senior officials within the Roman Catholic Church in South Africa opposing apartheid. This was not without opposition though and it led to the creation of the South African Catholic Defence League that ended up condemning any type of political involvement by the church and it also ended up opposing many other of the demands from the Catholic Church. This shows that religion was again a key factor in the period of Apartheid and that it contributed both in a negative and positive way. The above then suggests that there were a multitude of dynamics that were in fact integral to the period of Apartheid in South Africa. The above shows that with these the white minority within South Africa at the time was able to exercise control through legislature that ended up confining those in society who were of different races to unfair treatment. This period of Apartheid has led to unimaginable suffering for those who were suppressed during the period of Apartheid and even when the period of Apartheid came to an end the damage done by this period was so severe that South Africa remains racially divided. Even though Apartheid ended over 20 years ago now the recovery from this systematic and brutal racial discrimination has been difficult and continues today. Apartheid means apartness in Afrikaans and this separation led to such irreparable damage that it has warranted the South African Government to create the National Development Plan (NDP) that has had to be aimed at elimina ting poverty and reducing inequality by 2030. One of the main aims of this is to reduce inequality between races in the country. This is because the entrenched racism that was created by Apartheid was not easy to eliminate immediately. I think that the above factors discussed, show why this was so difficult to eliminate. For one demographic to sit on the top if the pile while all others were treated so badly would always result in bitterness and a feeling of the need for revenge. So above shows what the key dynamics of Apartheid were and also the terrible results that that has continued to have on South Africa today. References Apartheid Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, 2011. Web. 16th May 2017.